The Promise and Limits of a Guide Dog
In the United States, only approximately 2% of individuals with blindness use guide dogs[1][7]—whether because of the responsibility of animal care, financial constraints, lifestyle incompatibility, or simply lack of desire to own a dog.[3] A humanoid robot, because of its convenience, 24/7 availability, verbal communication capabilities, and ability to do so much more for the individual with blindness, best serves the entire population of individuals with blindness—approximately 1 million to 1.3 million persons in the United States[2][4] and 43 million persons worldwide who are blind[5] (with over 250 million experiencing blindness or low vision globally).[6]
Chris transformed Matthew's mobility. Where the cane would miss obstacles, Chris guided him around them. The dog prevented him from stepping into traffic and navigated complex environments with remarkable skill.
For the first time in a decade, Matthew felt a measure of freedom.
But Chris, like all living beings, had limitations—some minor, some mortifying.
Food on the sidewalk or in the subway distracted him. Well-meaning strangers petted him despite his working vest, breaking his concentration at critical moments. He became fearful during thunderstorms and would stop working entirely, leaving Matthew stranded.
Then there were the moments that tested Matthew's professional composure. Chris developed the distinctive wet dog smell during meetings. Once, he vomited during an important business meeting. Matthew learned to carry cleanup supplies and maintain his dignity while managing his guide dog's biological needs.
The unpredictability was constant. Would Chris need a bathroom break during a critical presentation? Would he have diarrhea in a public building or during an important event? These weren't hypotheticals—they were Matthew's reality.
Chris was a devoted companion, but he couldn't speak. He couldn't communicate what he saw, share insights powered by artificial intelligence, or explain the environment. He couldn't read documents or describe faces. He couldn't tell Matthew what was on a sign or explain the layout of an unfamiliar room.
Most critically, Chris couldn't help Matthew at work in the ways employment truly demanded.